The Most Advanced City in the Beginning of World
Ditulis pada: April 01, 2022
Civilization The Indus river valley civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in Asia. The existence of the Indus river valley is in the area around Pakistan and India at this time. Mohenjodaro and Harappa are relics of the Indus river valley, the existence of this civilization appeared around 2900 BC (BC). The existence of this civilization is marked by the emergence of several small villages with farming livelihoods.
As we know, the beginning of world civilization almost all originated in river valleys or near rivers. Such as the civilization of the Nile valley, the Ganges, the Euphrates and Tigris valleys.
This is very influential on the livelihood of them all. Most of the livelihood in the river valley is agriculture except where they live. Their settlement was an advancement in science. Before the emergence of these civilizations, most people migrated or can be called nomads. Their knowledge of irrigation, farming, land cultivation, urban planning, sanitation has been considered a revolution of civilization.
The Mohenjodaro and Harappa civilizations are only part of the Indus river valley. In fact, many other civilizations have been found that still include the Indus river civilization. Mohenjodaro and Harappa were the capitals or administrative cities of the Indus valley civilization. This civilization stretched from India to the Arabian peninsula.
Mohenjodaro and Harappa can be called one of the most advanced civilizations of their time. The difference can be seen from the distinctive features of this city compared to other civilizations such as the Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamian civilization and the yellow river valley civilization (China). The comparison can be seen from the following.
Urban Planning System
In the system of the Mohenjodaro and Harappa civilizations, urban planning became one of the most superior to the others. The location is very well arranged, the buildings, houses and buildings are organized and tidy. The city's sanitation system is also a priority because the road construction is equipped with the system, this has an impact on public health.
Sanitation makes the drainage channel smooth; there is no puddle of water somewhere. This concept is used until now, just look at the road now, everyone must be using sewers. The area within the city is also divided into several blocks, not centralized near the government.
Irrigation System
The invention of this irrigation system was a revolution, at first many people farmed and lived as nomads. Once the irrigation system was discovered, they started farming by utilizing and cultivating the land around the irrigation area. This irrigation system affects the daily livelihood of the people, namely farming, not farming.
The people of Mohenjodaro and Harappa began to grow rice and wheat for their food needs. Factors near the river flow are supportive and sufficient to perform this system. With the existence of this system the Mohenjodaro and Harappa civilizations were judged to be one of the advanced civilizations.
Such a system still exists and until now is still one of the systems maintained in agriculture. Because this system is considered able to irrigate rice fields and agricultural land in places that are relatively far from the water flow.
Technology System
In this field, the people of the Indus river valley already have advanced science. This can be seen from the relics found. Pictographic writings became one of the forms found in this area. They carved this pictograph in the form of a picture.
In addition to writing they also already know metal, the discovery of cups made of gold, silver, bronze, and copper became one of the proofs. The manufacturing technique is by heating the metal and pouring it into a mold. Techniques like this are still used until now, of course with more advanced technology can certainly make it.
Health
As previously discussed their health is already familiar with the term sanitation. In the field of health the people of this civilization are very concerned, as we know health is the most important thing.
Sanitation makes the flow smooth, dirt is not scattered and immediately dumped to the right place. The presence of wells in every house also makes them very concerned about health.
Making windows is another matter of concern to them. The window serves very well as air circulation. Nowadays do we ever feel the rage in the room? That is one of the reasons why the ventilation is not working and the air circulation is not good.
Not only for air circulation, this window can also be a light path. The entry of light into the house through the window has been thought of by them. Good lighting makes it possible to reduce humidity in the house.
Culture and Beliefs
One of the things that can be seen from the culture in Mohenjodaro and Harappa is the way the remains are managed. This way of managing the remains has shown that civilization here is very high. Many methods are used in these Indus river valley cities. The highlight is the two leading cities in this river valley, namely Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
The manner of burial of the corpse at Mohenjodaro was probably by way of cremation, and the ashes were then disposed of to a special place which they had determined. This hypothesis was revealed because no graves were found at Mohenjodaro. In contrast to Harappa in this city a burial place was found, as this custom is evident from its relics.
In belief systems, they are expected to worship spirits. With this belief then they still embrace the system of animism and dynamism or worship the spirits of ancestors. The spirit they worship is a figure called Mother Goddess. The people of the Indus river valley are called the Dravidians.
The destruction of the Mohenjodaro and Harappa civilizations is estimated at 1500 BC. This estimate is due to the fact that since that year this civilization has been emptied. Before the destruction of the decline of this civilization occurred due to the arrival of traders from Gujarat.
The cause of the collapse is still a matter of debate. Some say that this nation disappeared due to an attack from the Aryan nation. There are also those who say it disappeared due to floods in India.
Keep in mind Mohenjodaro is a very protected city. The uniqueness of this city is not protected by many high and large walls, there is only one wall on the south side of the city. There is a tall tower on the west side of the settlement.
This existence raises many questions as to whether Mohenjodaro or Harappa became the center of government or indeed as the current belief is both the center of the city.
These two cities have in common with the lack of fortifications. Unlike other cities in the Indus river valley which are strongly fortified and large. Some people correct that these two cities are administrative centers, if viewed from the existing site as there are very large baths in the center of this city.
In addition, there is a large well center that flows clean water to the houses of residents in the city of Mohenjodaro. There is also a very large house that is estimated to be able to accommodate as many as 5000 people, its position is close to the baths.
The Mohenjodaro and Harappa civilizations had disappeared from 1500 BC and were rediscovered by historians around the 1920s. From 1920 to 1960 excavations were conducted for research but since then not many have done so. Now this civilization has entered into a site protected by UNESCO.
